财经快讯

美联储缩表可能对市场产生负面影响

日期:2017-09-20
美联储将于当地时间周三(9月20日)开始为期两天的货币政策会议。市场广泛预期,美联储将在这次会议上宣布开始缩减其4.5万亿美元的资产负债表。尽管美联储早已提前与市场进行了沟通,并已公布了渐进式的缩表细节,但一些市场人士仍对缩表可能对市场产生的负面影响心有忌惮。
 

研究发现,美联储在金融危机高潮时开始大规模购买国债和抵押贷款支持证券(MBS)对市场产生了巨大影响。
美联储在6月议息会议上公布了详细的缩表计划,即一开始每月减少60亿国债、40亿机构债和抵押贷款支持证券(MBS),之后逐渐增加到每月300亿国债、200亿机构债和MBS。最终,资产负债表每月要缩小多达500亿美元,或每年6000亿美元。
 

美联储缩表可能对市场产生负面影响(图1)
在美联储的每次量化宽松周期里,美国国债收益率都会在美联储购买国债的时候上升,然后在美联储停止购债后下降。这与许多人基于单纯供求关系的预期正好相反。
 

尽管对美联储未来缩表有了很好的预期,但市场仍困惑美联储未来的加息轨道。几周前,市场还确定,美联储今年不会再加息,并至少要等到2018年年中才可能进一步加息。
 

但近期的通胀上升显示,市场的这种预期已经改变,市场已经将2017年底前加息一次计算在内。根据高盛的预期,美联储今年还有一次加息,2018年会再加息三次。芝加哥商交所的联邦基金利率期货数据显示,交易员认为美联储12月加息的概率为55.8%。

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